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Jubilee JiBol stood in line, clutching an oversized book for author Mychal Threets to sign. At 9 years old, she was already a veteran of the Mississippi Book Festival, which returned Saturday to the state Capitol.

“I’ve been coming since I was 1 years old, ever since I was a baby,” she said, as her mother, L.E. JiBol, nodded to confirm. Her brother Nile, 6, was a relative newcomer and has been working hard to improve his reading skills for future trips to the festival.

They joined thousands of other book lovers who swarmed the grounds of the Capitol and nearby Galloway United Methodist Church in Jackson, streaming through large white tents lined with tables stacked with books.

The annual festival, now in its 11th year, has become a gathering place for readers young and old to meet authors, discover books and celebrate Mississippi’s literary tradition.

Threets, better known as Mychal the Librarian, has been an evangelist for reading. His mission is to teach kids what libraries can offer and that they belong there.

‘Just let them read’

He is now host of the revival of “Reading Rainbow,” a television program aimed at encouraging children to read and develop a love of books. The reboot debuted last year and has been renewed for a second season.

“Just let them read and read because it’s so much fun. There’s so much joy in reading,” Threets said. “When I think about the future of libraries, that’s what I think of.” 

In the spirit of sharing that joy, Threets handed out free copies of his book, “I’m So Happy You’re Here: A Celebration of Library Joy.”

“A library is for every single person,” Threets said during a vulnerable, wide-ranging conversation in front of an audience at Galloway with author Margaret McMullan.

Their conversation touched on Threets’ struggles with mental health and his thoughts about Black teenager Emmett Till, who was kidnapped and killed by white men in Mississippi in 1955. Threets also encouraged kids to read and talked about taking his cat to the library as a child.

A long line of book-toting fans stretched for a block outside Galloway, which hosted some of the festival’s panels.

In the minutes before former “Saturday Night Live” cast member Kate McKinnon took the stage, parents corralled young children onto their laps. One uncle was already making plans to dash out to McKinnon’s 11 a.m. book signing.

Traveling through time

McKinnon first appeared as her alter ego, Dr. G. Edwina Candlestank, the eccentric narrator of McKinnon’s middle-grade series, “The Millicent Quibb School of Etiquette for Young Ladies of Mad Science.”

“I traveled throughout time,” Candlestank said, exaggerating each syllable, to the state of “Mye-sye-sye-pie.” She stalked onto the stage with a tuft of her short blond hair sticking up, wearing round black glasses and a lab coat.

As the crowd laughed, Candlestank ditched the lab coat for a black suit jacket to transform into McKinnon, now a New York Times bestselling author.

“That’s the biggest round of applause I ever got in a Methodist church,” she quipped after the crowd settled down.

Her books follow three misfit sisters and their mentor, the mad scientist Millicent Quibb. The characters, McKinnon said, were built from the hair up. When inhabiting new roles on “Saturday Night Live,” her first questions were: What’s the hair? What’s the voice? She developed the characters in her books much the same way.

Asked about the inspiration for her books, McKinnon pointed to her love of the natural world. She talked about crawdads making their homes in the mud, skunks and snapping turtles she sees every day on her farm. To her, they are “more magical than anything any author could ever conjure in their head.”

McKinnon spent more time out of her seat than in it. She paced the stage as she recalled her childhood as a founding member of the “Honeysuckle Eaters Club” and slid through the church pews to ask young members of the audience what mad-scientist creatures they wished were real.

“A frog mixed with Godzilla,” one audience member replied.

“A chickibara,” said another, referring to a chicken mixed with a capybara – which McKinnon said happens to be her favorite animal.

From whimsical to weighty

The festival’s conversations went from the whimsical to the weighty, featuring writers whose work spans a multitude of genres. 

In the marbled chamber of Mississippi’s Old Supreme Court Chamber, five writers recounted what it was like to be on the other side of the bench, hearing a judge read out the sentences that would put them behind bars for years.

The paths that brought each of them to prison fill a chapter of the 2025 anthology, “Breaking Chains, Building Futures.” But at the center of the book is what came afterward: how education helped move them forward from their time behind bars, earn college degrees and lead organizations dedicated to helping others break the cycle of incarceration. 

Weaving their stories together is author Stanley Andrisse, a self-described former “career criminal” who would have spent life in prison for a drug trafficking conviction if the prosecutor had gotten her way.

Instead, Andrisse was sentenced to a decade behind bars. After his release, he went to college. He later earned a master’s degree, then a doctorate. He is now a tenured professor and scientist at Howard University.

“I clearly didn’t live up to those expectations that that prosecutor had on this young Black boy those many years ago,” Andrisse said.

Though his story took place around St. Louis, it deeply resonates in Mississippi, a state with one of the nation’s highest incarceration rates.

Mississippi’s past revisited

During another panel in the state Capitol, more of the past became the talk of the present, when another five authors shared stories drawn from Mississippi’s history – real-life tales spanning the state from the Delta to Hattiesburg.

The stories took place during the civil rights era — an inflection point for Mississippi and the nation.

“They’re not just a Mississippi story,” said native Mississippian and novelist Steve Yarbrough. “All of these books, to one extent or another, they’re dealing with questions of race, inequity, inclusivity and basically, the question of whether or not some people are better or more qualified to live a good life than others.”

Through their words, the triumphs and traumas of pioneers both renowned and little known saw the light of day.

Among them was Clyde Kennard, the first Black person to apply to the University of Southern Mississippi. While his friend and fellow activist, Medgar Evers, is better known for challenging school segregation, Kennard’s story took center stage in the 2026 book “Mixing,” which chronicles his fight to desegregate USM and how officials framed and imprisoned him.

In veteran Delta newspaper editor Jim Abbott’s memoir, “Paper Man,” Mississippi’s civil-rights history is told by a man who witnessed it.

At the festival, the Greenwood native recounted how he went from a young, white Mississippian “angered” by the “negative publicity” that the civil rights movement brought his home state to a dogged newspaperman committed to exposing injustice and including Black voices in his stories.

Back outside, Jubilee mused about someday becoming a writer – maybe more stories about mad scientists. Something fictional, she said.

She knows the challenges of creating art. “Sometimes, I think about it,” she said. “But sometimes I’m just too tired and want to flop on the couch.”

STONE COUNTY — A re-entry program at the Stone County Correctional Facility has developed a waitlist as officials prepare to select participants for its next cohort. 

Twenty-two participants graduated from the Pathway Home 5 Re-entry Program last month. Warden John Moran said interest has grown as inmates have seen others complete the program and prepare for employment and life after incarceration.

“What I do see now is that we have a larger waiting list,” Moran said. “It’s obvious that the program’s working or that they’re getting something out of it because guys are wanting to sign up for it.” 

The program, administered by the South Mississippi Planning and Development District and funded through a U.S. Department of Labor grant, provides employment and re-entry training before participants leave incarceration and support for up to a year later. 

Participants learn resume writing, digital and financial literacy, employment readiness, personal development and interviewing. The program also helps address barriers after release, including transportation, work clothing, child care and finding employers willing to hire people with criminal records.

For graduate Zachary Brady, the program became more valuable than he initially expected. 

“It started out more or less like I might need to get this under my belt to go home,” Brady said. “I really didn’t know what the class had to offer, but once I got into it, I was very glad that I took it.” 

Brady said mock interviews helped him build confidence for finding work after his release. 

“We did mock interviews, so now whenever I get home, I won’t be nervous or not know how to speak to the people that I’m getting interviewed by,” Brady said. 

Chris Nixon, Pathway Home 5 program administrator, said the program’s work continues once participants leave the facility. 

“Once they get out is where we’ll pick up again and help them with their incentives and supportive service and employment and resources that we can provide for them,” Nixon said. 

Finding employment can be one of the biggest obstacles, Nixon said, particularly because participants need employers willing to hire people with criminal records. 

“There’s employers really needing people and they are willing to give them a second chance, and that’s really helpful,” Nixon said. “I’ve seen some really good careers come out of this for them, some high-paying jobs.” 

The program, which can work with participants for up to a year after graduation, is part of a broader effort at the correctional facility to prepare inmates for life after incarceration. Moran said more than 153 community volunteers also support inmates through programs and activities.

Brady said that community involvement has been meaningful as he prepares for release. 

“I’m grateful … to have people like that in our community that’s willing to step forward, to spend time with us and to help us rehabilitate ourselves for going home,” Brady said. 

As the facility prepares to select its next Pathway Home 5 cohort, Moran said growing interest means some inmates will have to wait for a spot. The facility has previously tried running two cohorts simultaneously, he said, but maintaining multiple groups can be difficult. 

Brady said inmates who get the opportunity should take advantage of it. 

“If they want to take the program, take it, but take it and be serious when you take it,” Brady said. “You have to want it. You have to dedicate yourself and stay consistent and push through.” 

Tasia Fortune, a 29-year-old mother of four, was killed after a dispute over drugs and her body hung from a tree, a Jackson police detective testified Friday during a preliminary hearing for one of the men charged with murder in her death.

Jackson Police Department Detective Samuel Dukes said the defendant, Jarques Ratliff, 51, was one of a group of people involved in the death of the woman, who was found hanging from a tree in west Jackson.

Earlier this week, police arrested another man, Earnest Lloyd Jr., 25, and also charged him with murder in Fortune’s death. Authorities said they were looking for at least one more suspect.

Dukes told the court that Fortune’s hanging was staged after an argument over drugs, saying she was likely killed in a different location then brought outside a vacant home in the 500 block of Road Remambrance, where her body was found Aug. 3.

The detective said Ratliff and Fortune knew each other.

Dukes said that Fortune fought hard for her life.

Fortune’s death became a national headline because the manner she was found in invoked memories of Mississippi’s history of racial terror lynchings. 

Ratliff was arrested and charged with murder for Fortune’s death on Sept. 11. He is being held in custody without bond. Earnest Lloyd, Jr., who was arrested on Sept. 22, was also denied bond during his initial appearance on Sept. 23. Like Fortune, both men are Black.

JPD is working with U.S. Marshals Service to find one suspect, and police Chief RaShall Brackney said that more arrests are on the way.

Dukes said investigators spoke to Ratliff twice before he was arrested, soon after the state medical examiner ruled the death a homicide.

Fortune’s mother, Christy Spivey attended Ratliff’s hearing with her husband.

“I felt kind of sad for him. I don’t know why,” Spivey said outside the courthouse during a break in Friday’s proceedings. She wore a black shirt bearing an image of her daughter that said, “Justice for Tasia Fortune.”

Members of Ratliff’s family also attended. Lashuna Jones, Ratliff’s stepdaughter, insisted that he was innocent. 

“I feel like he was at the wrong place at the wrong time,” Jones said.

When court returned from its break, Judge Lilli Evans Bass said the hearing would remain in recess until Wednesday afternoon. 

Outside of court, Ratliff’s attorney, Toney Baldwin said, “My client said he is not involved, and that is absolutely what I believe.” 

As Mississippi public school districts update attendance policies under a new state law, some parents, educators and health care providers are questioning how the changes will affect students who miss school because of illness.

Senate Bill 2103, which took effect July 1, requires public school districts to adopt locally tailored attendance policies by Nov. 1 as part of a statewide effort to reduce chronic absenteeism.

The law generally allows students five excused absences per semester. For illness or injury, medical documentation is required after a student’s third illness-related absence. Superintendents or their designees can approve additional excused absences for extenuating circumstances, including prolonged illness supported by medical documentation.

Constance Barnes-Woods, a pediatrician at Beanstalk Pediatrics, said the requirements should account for students with chronic illnesses.

“We support every effort to have children in the classroom, but we also like to see some flexibility with those children who have chronic illnesses,” Barnes-Woods said.

She pointed to sickle cell disease as one example, saying children can experience unpredictable complications and sometimes require extended hospital stays.

“We see patients with sickle cell anemia. It’s lifelong,” Barnes-Woods said. “They cannot predict, unfortunately, when they’re going to get sick.”

Shayla Haynes, a mother and educator in Monticello, said she supports efforts to address absenteeism.

“Speaking as a teacher, it’s good that they do have that plan in place because there are some students that just don’t come to school, and not because it’s their fault, because their parents just won’t send them,” Haynes said.

But Haynes said illness presents a different concern. Her son has asthma and allergies that do not always require medical treatment.

“If he has like an allergy or asthma flare-up, I don’t take him to the doctor. I just keep him at home because I know what it is,” Haynes said.

Requiring documentation after repeated illnesses could mean additional medical visits.

“I could take him to the doctor, but it’ll be a blank trip because I know what it is,” Haynes said.

Barnes-Woods said children with minor illnesses do not necessarily need medical treatment. A child with mild cold symptoms who is otherwise eating, drinking and behaving normally may be able to recover at home, she said.

She said the documentation requirement could also encourage some families to seek care they otherwise would not.

“To an extent I see it as positive because some parents would just self-treat at home,” Barnes-Woods said. “But if they know that a doctor’s excuse is required, that does prompt them to come and seek medical attention to ensure accurate diagnosis.”

For other families, obtaining documentation can present financial and logistical challenges. Depending on insurance, families may face copays, while uninsured patients may have to pay out of pocket. Parents may also struggle to find same-day appointments, arrange transportation or leave work.

“I have parents that are afraid of losing their jobs when they come multiple times for sick children,” Barnes-Woods said.

Barnes-Woods said parents have told her they have missed children’s routine medical appointments because they could not miss school or work or lacked transportation.

Her clinic has had days this school year when 40% to 50% of scheduled patients did not show up for appointments, she said. The rate varies significantly from day to day, and Barnes-Woods said concerns about missing school may be one factor.

Barnes-Woods said she would like districts to use the law’s flexibility for students with documented chronic conditions.

“I would suggest that children with chronic illnesses like asthma, sick cell disease and some other diseases be exempt from that policy,” she said.

The changes come as Mississippi continues to struggle with chronic absenteeism.

The Mississippi Department of Education reported 27.6% of public school students were chronically absent during the 2024-25 school year, up from 24.4% the previous year. MDE defines chronic absenteeism as missing at least 10% of enrolled school days for any reason, including excused and unexcused absences and suspensions.

Chronic absenteeism declined among elementary and middle school students during the 2024-25 school year but increased among high school students from 30% to 39%, according to MDE.

The new requirements establish earlier interventions intended to address absences before they become more serious.

After three cumulative absences, whether excused or unexcused, schools must contact the student’s parent or guardian, document the communication and begin school-based interventions. Five cumulative unlawful absences trigger a referral to a school attendance officer, with additional referrals required as unlawful absences accumulate.

Bryan Marshall, associate state superintendent, said schools will need different approaches depending on the students they serve.

“The effectiveness of the strategy is going to depend on the age of the child,” Marshall said. “What works in a high school is not going to work in elementary, so to say there’s a blanket intervention, there’s not, and there’s no magic bullet for attendance.”

If school-based interventions do not work, districts can turn to outside services.

“Once the interventions are put in place, if those are not working, then we have to get a third-party intervention with some sort of family counseling or whatever the district chooses in their area,” Marshall said.

The law also raises the portion of the instructional day a student must attend to be counted present for the full day from 63% to 66%.

April Crozier, a special education teacher in Hattiesburg, said implementation will vary across the state.

“It’s going to just depend on from district to district,” Crozier said.

She said she received information about the changes as a parent but believes some families may not yet understand the requirements.

“There’s still a lot of parents out there that really don’t know or understand that there even is a new policy because they probably haven’t even looked at it,” Crozier said.

The law also calls for one school attendance officer for every 4,000 compulsory-school-age children. Marshall said MDE is working to add personnel needed to implement the changes.

As districts work toward the Nov. 1 deadline, Barnes-Woods said health care providers could help school officials develop policies that account for students’ medical needs.

“We can maybe meet and talk about the schools’ expectations and then what my goals are for my patients and educate themselves,” Barnes-Woods said.ees can also approve additional excused absences for extenuating circumstances, including prolonged illness supported by medical documentation.

Two former Capitol Police officers faced cross-examination Friday regarding their contention that they were forced to shoot a Jackson man in self-defense after he tried to run them over. 

Friday marked the third day of testimony in the manslaughter trial of Michael Rhinewalt and Steven Frederick Jr., who served on the crime suppression Flex Unit of the Capitol Police. 

Jurors’ deliberations are expected to begin Monday after they hear the judge’s instructions and the lawyers’ closing statements.

Friday also marked the fourth anniversary of the day, Sept. 25, 2022, when the officers fired into the Jeep Grand Cherokee of 25-year-old Jaylen Lewis and killed him.

Defense lawyers hadn’t planned to call the officers as witnesses because the prosecution had already introduced recorded statements of the pair explaining to investigators why they shot Lewis. Putting the officers on the witness stand meant they could be cross-examined.

But defense lawyers changed their strategy Friday after Hinds County Circuit Judge Faye Peterson said she would instruct the jury to consider these statements as “self-serving” hearsay because no cross-examination under oath took place.

As a result of that ruling, Frederick and Rhinewalt decided to take the witness stand.

Rhinewalt testified that they stopped the Cherokee that matched the general description of a car suspected in auto burglaries.

When Lewis backed up his Cherokee and rammed into another law enforcement car behind him, he and Frederick drew their guns, Rhinewalt said.

Both of them called out for Lewis to show his hands, he said, and he called out to Frederick, “Watch his hands. I think he has a gun.”

When Lewis pulled forward, he said he and Frederick screamed for him to stop, and so did his female passenger.

Rhinewalt said he made eye contact with Lewis. “It’s like he looks up, takes a deep breath and says, ‘F— you’ and gasses it.”

Nothing blocked Lewis from going to the left, Rhinewalt said, but “he turned his vehicle toward us, trying to run us over.”

He feared for his life, he said. “I thought of my wife and kids. I didn’t want to do what he made me do.”

He fired two shots into the front windshield, including the fatal shot to Lewis’ head, and a third shot hit the frame between the front windshield and side window.

He said he actually put his hand on the hood of Lewis’ car when he fired the third shot and that the car lifted him off the ground.

The impact of the car prompted him to roll on the ground, he said.

Special Assistant Attorney General Luke Williamson asked Rhinewalt if his testimony that he told Frederick about Lewis having a gun was in his original recorded statement to investigators.

Rhinewalt said no.

Williamson asked him about his statement that the car lifted him up. “That’s not in the recording, is it?”

Rhinewalt said no.

Williamson asked him about his statement about rolling on the ground.

“Actually I was struck,” he said. “I lost my balance from coming off the hood.”

“That’s not in the recording?” Williamson said.

“No, it’s not,” Rhinewalt replied.

Frederick testified that when he parked his Capitol Police car at a 45-degree angle in front of Lewis’ Cherokee, he blocked off the right-hand turn but left the area open to the left for Lewis to escape.

He said he got out of his car and began shouting, “Capitol Police. Capitol Police. Turn your car off. Put your hands out.”

After Lewis backed his Cherokee into the police car behind him, Frederick said he pulled out his weapon. He said Lewis then began to drive toward Rhinewalt at a good rate of speed.

He compared the sound of the 707-horsepower engine to a NASCAR engine. “I was scared,” he said. “I had a 2-year-old son.”

Frederick said he fired twice into the side window of the car.

Williamson asked him about the vest he wore that night.

Frederick said it was a vest his Army friend gave to him.

Asked what the patch on the vest, “No Quarter,” meant, Frederick replied that he didn’t know.

Merriam-Webster dictionary says no quarter means “no pity or mercy — used to say that an enemy, opponent, etc., is treated in a very harsh way.”

In military terms, “no quarter” means that enemy soldiers will be killed instead of being taken prisoner.

RAYMOND – Five candidates vying to become Hinds County district attorney pondered questions about corruption, managing public money, jail crowding and persistent case backlogs at their first forum ahead of a Nov. 3 special election. 

One question raised at Thursday’s forum summed up the enormous tasks that lie ahead to restore trust in the office after former DA Jody Owens pleaded guilty to a federal conspiracy charge earlier this summer and resigned. 

Asked to describe a situation in which they had to navigate “significant operational challenges,” each candidate pledged to run an office free of mismanagement and dysfunction and to rid the county’s justice system of problems that have persisted for decades. 

Some candidates trumpeted their experience working in the Hinds DA’s office, while others took pains to emphasize their outsider status.

“I haven’t really had an opportunity to be in dysfunctional organizations,” said Marvin Sanders, a defense attorney who worked under former DA Eleanor Faye Peterson in the early 2000s. “I avoided those situations.”

In response to a later question, Sanders assured the audience he would not commit crimes as district attorney.

“You don’t have to worry about me doing something like that, ‘cause I like my freedom,” Sanders said.

As a member of the Mississippi Attorney General’s Office in 2016, he took part in the failed prosecution of former Hinds DA Robert Schuler Smith, who was accused of conspiring to hinder a criminal prosecution.

Owens faces up to five years in prison after pleading guilty to conspiracy to commit bribery. He awaits sentencing in November. A son of a prominent family from Terry in southern Hinds County, Owens had been caught up in a wide-ranging FBI probe that also ensnared former Jackson Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba and City Council Member Aaron Banks, who also await sentencing.

The nearly two-hour forum hosted by the Hinds County Democratic Executive Committee in a church auditorium provided sparse details about how each candidate would handle the nonpartisan post, if elected.

Gwen Agho, a current Hinds prosecutor, said the office was in disarray when she joined in 2016. In one example, Agho said the office wasn’t tracking whether prosecutors reached out to victims, so she created her own spreadsheet to hold herself accountable. 

Agho touted this practice as contributing to the happiness of victims whose cases she’s prosecuted. She also described problems she has witnessed in the county’s grand jury process and claimed the office lacks a functioning victim’s advocate. 

“There can be a streak of laziness in some people,” she said. 

Some of the candidates floated solutions that past DAs have tried.

Agho and Greta Mack Harris, an attorney practicing in Madison and Rankin counties, advocated for returning to a caseload management system known as vertical prosecutions, which requires one prosecutor to oversee a case across each stage of the process, from grand jury to trial and sentencing. 

Noting the persistent crowding at the Hinds County Detention Center, Mack Harris, a former Hinds assistant district attorney, said she wanted to create panels that would move cases more swiftly. She did not elaborate on how the panels would work. 

“There is absolutely no excuse for the level of pretrial detainees in Raymond,” she said, referring to the jail, which is currently over capacity. “There’s absolutely no excuse for that grand jury system to be as complicated and disorganized as Mrs. Agho alluded to.” 

Less alarmed was Wendy Wilson White, a Hinds prosecutor who currently handles probable cause hearings for defendants who aren’t indicted. She pushed back against suggestions from other candidates that the DA’s office was indicting defendants without receiving investigative files from local law enforcement. She blamed the current backlog on multiple actors within the justice system, such as law enforcement. 

“The DA’s office has no real control over the speed of investigations,” she said. 

Multiple candidates promised to establish stronger accounting over the office’s self-generated funds, which are subject to patchwork accountability from other government agencies.

Mack Harris, an attorney who previously ran unsuccessfully for Hinds County youth court judge, said she would hire an independent auditor to review the audit requested by interim DA Brad McCullouch, who was appointed by Gov. Tate Reeves to replace Owens. State law bars McCullouch from the special election ballot because he is not a Hinds County resident. 

A fifth candidate, Darla Palmer, left the forum after opening remarks, saying she was double-booked. 

“Nobody is talking about violent crime,” Palmer said before departing. She is running for the post for a third time after losing to Owens in 2019 and 2023. 

The forum, attended by a few dozen potential voters, left some like Doug Williams dissatisfied. The self-employed Jackson resident who works in real estate asked the candidates what they would do to improve the reputation of the Hinds DA’s office, which he contended does not garner the same respect as prosecutorial operations in Rankin and Madison counties.

Mack Harris said that Hinds needs to have higher standards. Sanders said such comparisons are unfair because Hinds County prosecutors handle more criminal cases than neighboring counties. Agho said she would put more pressure on prosecutors to be productive. Wilson White spoke about the no-snitch culture in Jackson in which witnesses do not want to cooperate with prosecutors. 

“It’s going to take all of us to take a stand and fish out these criminals and let them know that we mean business,” she said. 

Williams, 54, said he plans to attend another forum to ask more questions. This Monday, local political organizations including Women for Progress of MS and the League of Women Voters will host a forum at the Mississippi Public Broadcasting Auditorium at 5 p.m. 

___________

CORRECTION, Sept. 25, 2026: A forum sponsored by the League of Women Voters and other local groups is scheduled for Monday.

In a new report, Sierra Club takes aim at electric utilities across the United States for their slow transition to clean energy sources. The analysis included less than flattering grades for the state’s two investor-owned power companies, Entergy Mississippi and Mississippi Power.

The marks — an “F” for Entergy and a “C” for Mississippi Power — came in the latest edition of the national environmental advocacy nonprofit’s “The Dirty Truth Report,” released Wednesday.

The report graded the country’s utilities using three criteria: the retiring of coal plants by 2030, not adding new gas-powered production and building clean energy sources to replace fossil fuel loads by 2035. For the second year in a row, the nonprofit gave the country’s utilities as a whole an “F.”

“As artificial intelligence data centers drive demand for energy, utility companies are rushing to expensive and dangerous fossil fuels, leading to soaring electricity prices and worsening air pollution,” said Sierra Club Chief Program Officer Holly Bender.

The nonprofit highlighted the large amount of planned new gas generation this year, which was more than in any of the previous five years.

The report gave Entergy a failing grade largely because it plans to add nearly 3,500 megawatts of gas-powered energy to its system by 2035. The utility is growing its power capacity, in part, to meet the needs of Amazon data centers across central Mississippi. It’s unclear, though, how much those plans were fueled by Amazon’s arrival because of limited oversight over the companies’ agreement.

Sierra Club gave the utility a poor grade despite its plans to retire all of its coal units by 2030 and Entergy’s recent investments in renewable sources, which includes a 100-megawatt solar power plant that came online in 2022.

The utility is building three new, 754-megawatt gas plants: one in Greenville, set to be ready in 2028, which will replace an existing plant and is designed to use hydrogen in the future; another plant in Ridgeland, expected to be in service in 2029; and one in Vicksburg, which will open in 2028.

Entergy said in a response to the Sierra Club report that it aims to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.

“We continue to invest in renewable power and storage projects, with approximately 3 gigawatts either already approved or pending regulatory review,” the company said Thursday in a statement to Mississippi Today. “Driven by strong economic growth and rising customer demand, we are developing new baseload generation capacity to power these exciting opportunities while continuing to make meaningful progress toward a net‑zero future. Changes to available tax credits for carbon‑free resources are also shaping how we optimize our clean energy investments.”

Mississippi Power, which received an “F” in last year’s edition, improved to a “C” this year. It plans to retire all of its coal power units by 2030 and is planning for 548 megawatts of new gas production by 2035.

The utility received the best grade of any subsidiary of Southern Company. The report panned the energy giant for extending the lives of its coal units. Last year, Mississippi Power received approval from the state to push back the retirement of its coal units at Plant Victor J. Daniel in Jackson County. But the utility later proposed to convert the units to gas in 2029, the Sierra Club report said.

The report, though, gave the company a “0%” in its plans to replace fossil fuel generation and load growth with clean energy. The company’s power supply has included roughly 160 megawatts of solar power for nearly the last decade.

In a Thursday statement, Mississippi Power pointed to those projects as well as its low rates, 22% below the national average.

“The company continues to reliably meet our customers’ ever-evolving energy needs and is in a strong position to ensure adequate capacity and the ability to serve our customers as the state experiences robust economic growth,” the utility said.

The company also mentioned the potential benefits from a solar power battery storage project in Walnut Grove, which it called “one of the nation’s most advanced green microgrids.”

“Lessons learned from the project are helping inform how renewable energy and battery storage may be integrated into our system in the future,” Mississippi Power said.

U.S. Rep. Trent Kelly, a Republican representing Mississippi’s 1st Congressional District in north Mississippi, hopes to become the highest-ranking GOP member on the House Armed Services Committee next year. 

Kelly, currently running for a seventh term, said in a statement to Mississippi Today that he’s focused on winning reelection in November. But if the district votes to send him back to Washington, he will run to be top Republican of the committee that has jurisdiction over the nation’s military.

“I have a long history of working on national defense strategy, and I believe I can make a meaningful difference for our men and women in uniform and for the defense of our great nation,” Kelly said. 

The current top Republican on the committee is U.S. Rep. Mike Rogers from Alabama. The Republican Conference’s internal rules limit members to a maximum of three years as the most senior person on a committee, but they can seek a waiver to be exempt from that rule. 

Republican committee chairs in the U.S. House are chosen through a process with the Republican Steering Committee and a vote by the full party conference.

Kelly is a former district attorney in northeast Mississippi and a 39-year Mississippi Army National Guard veteran who retired in 2025 as a major general. He serves on the House Armed Services Committee and is chairman of the Seapower Subcommittee.

Other GOP members running for the top spot are Rep. Rob Wittman of Virginia and Rep. Ronny Jackson of Texas, according to Punchbowl News.  

Kelly is running for reelection against Democratic nominee Cliff Johnson and Libertarian candidate Johnny Baucom, and the general election is Nov. 3.

Mississippi Today Ideas is a platform for thoughtful ideas to be shared about our state’s past, present and future. Opinions expressed in guest essays are the author’s own and do not necessarily represent those of Mississippi Today. You canread more about the section here.  

I have watched two men killed with nitrogen. Both still haunt me.

In late 2023, Kenneth Smith asked me to be his spiritual adviser. We spent weeks together before Alabama filled his lungs with nitrogen gas. Like any priest and parishioner, we prayed and read Scripture together. We talked about what was coming.

I was wrong about everything. The horror of forced suffocation went far beyond anything that I could have imagined.

When the nitrogen gas began to flow, all of the espoused theories of humaneness ended. Kenny’s muscles wildly seized. His chest heaved with great force. I still do not know how a strapped body could actually move a steel gurney. His head slapped the inside of the mask over and over. Everything was moving everywhere all at once.

We were told he would be unconscious in seconds. Yet his veins kept rising against the skin. Saliva, mucus and other fluids kept pooling. His eyes looked like they might explode. I took off my glasses. I sobbed. I had never felt further from God.

That was January 2024. It was the first execution by nitrogen hypoxia in the history of the world.

In Mississippi, the method had already been legal for seven years.

Upon the enactment of House Bill 638, nitrogen went in as a contingency method in 2017. If a court struck lethal injection or it became unavailable, the state first would move to gas, then to the chair and then to the firing squad.

The bill answered lawsuits over the state’s lethal injection drugs. Though nobody on earth had watched a nitrogen execution, Mississippi wrote the method into law anyway.

Then, Mississippi took the conditions out.

In 2022, House Bill 1479 rewrote Section 99-19-51. The statute now leaves the method of execution to the discretion of the Corrections commissioner, the deputy commissioner for Finance and Administration and the deputy commissioner for institutions of the Mississippi Department of Corrections.

The options include nitrogen hypoxia, electrocution, firing squad or lethal injection. Though the law names injection the preferred method as a matter of state policy, preference does not mean requirement.

Nitrogen is no longer Mississippi’s fallback. Nitrogen is one of Mississippi’s four choices.

Nothing has to fail first. No court has to rule. No supply has to run short. Three officials decide. The law gives the condemned man seven days of written notice to learn what they picked. That is the whole procedure. Seven days to find out which apparatus the state selected to kill you.

The Legislature made that decision in 2022. It made it two years before anyone alive had seen what nitrogen does. Nobody in the Legislature had seen what I have.

None of this is abstract. Mississippi is killing again.

Richard Jordan was executed at Parchman on June 25, 2025. He was 79 and had spent nearly 50 years on death row. The state used a three-drug protocol beginning with midazolam. Jordan was the lead plaintiff in a federal challenge arguing that midazolam leaves a man awake for the burning and the suffocation that follow. Mississippi killed him with the drug he was suing over.

I was outside the fence that night. What stays with me is not the grief. It was the mood of the people running the thing. The staff seemed practically giddy. There was an air of celebration, the feeling a small town gets before the big football game. Now you want to hand those men a mask, a tank and the permission to suffocate people to death?

Thirty-five men remain on Mississippi’s death row.

Though Mississippi has recently chosen injection, nothing in the law requires it to choose injection again.

In 2017 and again in 2022, execution by nitrogen hypoxia existed only on paper – legislative reports, physiological assumptions and confident predictions about what a condemned man would feel. It was enough.

Eight men have now been killed with it. They are Kenneth Smith, Alan Miller, Carey Dale Grayson, Demetrius Frazier, Gregory Hunt, Geoffrey West, Anthony Boyd, all in Alabama, and Jessie Hoffman in Louisiana.

I was there for the first. I was there for the eighth.

Anthony Boyd also asked me to be his spiritual adviser. In the midst of deep prayer, we talked about God’s love.

Then the curtains opened, and the gas began. His chest heaved. His legs came off the gurney. He strained against the restraints. His breathing turned frantic and never stopped. By my count, Anthony was conscious and fighting for at least 19 minutes. He was pronounced dead at 6:33 pm. It was the longest nitrogen execution Alabama had carried out.

I called it the worst one yet. I still do.

The state has an answer for everything I just described. Convulsions become involuntary movement. Gasping becomes an expected physiological response. Terror becomes a reaction the man was not conscious enough to feel.

Each translation may be technically defensible. But not one of them tells you any of what the executed knew. Whether they knew is the only question that matters, and the vocabulary was built so that such a question never gets asked.

The count is mine. The men are not. Eight of them are now on the public record. Mississippi can read that record without producing a body of its own.

In June 2026, the argument stopped belonging to me and a handful of other witnesses.

The U.S. 11th Circuit ruled that Alabama’s nitrogen protocol presents a substantial risk of serious harm over and above death itself.

Judge Emily Marks then entered an order permanently barring Alabama from using the protocol against Jeffery Lee. The Supreme Court did not clear the way for the execution to proceed.

The federal district court found that a man under the mask through the use of nitrogen experiences air hunger. Panic, dread, suffering the court described as capable of being worse than pain. It placed the duration as being too long in minutes.

Minutes were enough for the federal courts.

I watched Anthony Boyd fight for 19.

Those who celebrate the Lee ruling should first understand how he won. Under current Eighth Amendment doctrine, a condemned man cannot simply prove that the state’s method tortures him. He must also provide evidence of a better way to kill him. Lee did. He proposed the firing squad.

The court found the firing squad feasible, readily implemented and a significant reduction of the risk. That finding is why the injunction was issued.

One of the most consequential execution method rulings in modern American history was won by a man who had to volunteer to be shot to death.

Now put that beside Mississippi’s list – injection, gas, electrical current, bullets. Four ways to reach one result, kept on the shelf so that losing one method never stops the process. The state is not asking which method is right. The state is asking which method survives.

That is not lawmaking. That is inventory.

Mississippi should strike nitrogen from the list.

Let’s be honest about what that accomplishes. Strike nitrogen and three methods remain. The chair does not go anywhere. The firing squad does not go anywhere. Mississippi would have removed one instrument from a cabinet stocked precisely so that the loss of an instrument changes nothing.

Strike it anyway.

A law can remain on the books long after the world that produced it has disappeared. Mississippi has already demonstrated that. Mississippi rejected the 13th Amendment, banning slavery in December 1865. It did not ratify it until 1995, 130 years later. The federal government did not formally record that ratification until 2013. Nobody in 1995 believed they were defending slavery. The thing simply sat there.

There is no reason to let nitrogen become another piece of legal residue waiting for someone else to remove it.

Repeal nitrogen now.

The Rev. Jeff Hood is a nationally recognized priest, theologian and founder of the Execution Intervention Project. As a spiritual adviser to death row inmates nationwide, he has accompanied 13  men to their executions, including the first and eighth nitrogen hypoxia executions. Widely regarded as the leading spiritual voice on the death penalty, his work has been profiled in outlets ranging from the New York Times to the Rolling Stone documentary, “The Spiritual Advisor.”  For his service, he was nominated for the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize.